{"id":279,"date":"2021-05-22T10:29:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-22T10:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alvarovargasllosa.com\/en\/?p=279"},"modified":"2021-05-15T12:32:21","modified_gmt":"2021-05-15T12:32:21","slug":"cubas-immovable-heroes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.alvarovargasllosa.com\/en\/cubas-immovable-heroes\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuba\u2019s immovable heroes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-medium\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.alvarovargasllosa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Plantados-235837208-large.jpg?resize=202%2C300&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.alvarovargasllosa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Plantados-235837208-large.jpg?resize=202%2C300&amp;ssl=1 202w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.alvarovargasllosa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Plantados-235837208-large.jpg?resize=690%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 690w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.alvarovargasllosa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Plantados-235837208-large.jpg?resize=700%2C1039&amp;ssl=1 700w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.alvarovargasllosa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Plantados-235837208-large.jpg?w=722&amp;ssl=1 722w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">If Nelson Mandela had been Cuban, rather than South African, he never would have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize or have become a 20th century icon and statesman. Instead, he would have been a \u201cplantado,\u201d one of the political prisoners (the \u201cimmovable ones\u201d) who refused to cooperate with the regime in exchange for shorter sentences and lesser punishments.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">\u201cCooperate\u201d meant accepting the reeducation and indoctrination program introduced in the early 1960s by<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.org\/store\/book.asp?id=61\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"> Fidel Castro and\u00a0Che Guevara\u00a0<\/a><\/span>, then in charge of \u201cLa Caba\u00f1a,\u201d an 18<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0century fortress turned into a prison and execution camp.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">For most plantados who spent decades in Castro\u2019s cells there was no redemption, except among some in Cuba\u2019s exile community in south Florida. Many in the West, including the self-proclaimed champions of civil rights, were oblivious to the plight of Castro\u2019s political prisoners\u2014often deliberately so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">That\u2019s why\u00a0<em><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt11101622\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plantados<\/a><\/u><\/em>, a new film directed by Lilo Vilaplana, is important.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">Recently released in Florida,&nbsp;<em>Plantados<\/em>&nbsp;follows the story of Ram\u00f3n, a former plantado who escaped and discovers, years later, that his torturer, lieutenant Mauricio L\u00f3pez, is living with impunity with his family in Miami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">Ramon\u2019s discovery takes us back, through his painful memory, to Castro\u2019s prisons, where he suffered the worst tortures and witnessed executions and unspeakable acts of violence against other political prisoners. The punishments included being thrown in sewer trenches, having to stand naked for days in tiny cells shared by four prisoners, where only one could lie down to sleep, suffering routine beatings, watching the humiliation to which their loved ones were subjected when visiting them and other degrading experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">In Miami, Ramon and his family, among them the son of Jorge, nicknamed \u201cthe poet\u201d by other inmates, who died in Mauricio\u2019s prison, confront the impossible dilemma\u2014whether to kill Mauricio and avenge their suffering or try to bring him to justice, which would probably yield no result in U.S. courts.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">The plantados were known to favor justice over vengeance, but it is one thing to be principled in the abstract and another to have to confront the dilemma in flesh and blood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">Vilaplana\u2019s movie presents the spectator with the wrenching gamut of moral dilemmas and psychological drama derived from the plantados\u2019 story.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">At one point the wife of one of the prisoners tells her husband that she and her family are living like pariahs for being associated with counter-revolutionaries. Not to speak of the sexual humiliations suffered when entering the prison on visit days.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">The story of the plantados and their persecutors also carries long-lasting moral implications for the latter. Mauricio\u2019s family, confronted with details of his shameful past, initially refuses to acknowledge the truth\u2014that is, accept that they have been blind to the atrocities the loving husband and father committed in the past.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">And then there is the crucial question of how much responsibility those who served in Castro\u2019s prisons had for carrying out the orders they received. At one point, a corporal who throws the prisoners into the sewer trenches tells one of them, a dissident: \u201cYou were part of the victors and ended up with the vanquished\u2026and we sided with the communists.\u201d What he is telling him is that in a totalitarian system there is only one way to survive.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">Years later, Mauricio, confronted by Ramon and his nephew, tells them he was not responsible for setting up the system; he was just following orders: \u201cIf it hadn\u2019t been me, it would have been someone else\u2026Now I am with you.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">But the moral of&nbsp;<em>Plantados<\/em>&nbsp;is that you always have a choice, no matter how narrow the options and strenuous the circumstances. They opted for resistance knowing it could cost them their lives, as when they drew blood from their own veins to color a piece of tissue red so they could brandish it from their cell\u2019s window, as if it were a Soviet flag, while jeering a visiting dignitary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">Mario Chanes de Armas, who served 30 years in Castro\u2019s cells, died without the world recognizing his heroism. Eusebio Pe\u00f1alver Mazorra, who endured 28 years of torture, some of it racially motivated (because he was Black), never got the Nobel Peace Prize\u2014nor will the others who lived to tell the tale and give brief personal testimonies at the end of Vilaplana\u2019s movie. None of them will receive the recognition they deserve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\">Vilaplana\u2019s film begins, only begins, to do justice to these immovable heroes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If Nelson Mandela had been Cuban, rather than South African, he never would have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize or have become a 20th century icon and statesman. Instead, he would have been a \u201cplantado,\u201d one of the political prisoners (the \u201cimmovable ones\u201d) who&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opionion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cuba\u2019s immovable heroes | Alvaro Vargas Llosa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mario Chanes de Armas, who served 30 years in Castro\u2019s cells, died without the world recognizing his heroism. 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Eusebio Pe\u00f1alver Mazorra, who endured 28 years of torture, some of it racially motivated (because he was Black), never got the Nobel Peace Prize\u2014nor will the others who lived to tell the tale and give brief personal testimonies at the end of Vilaplana\u2019s movie. 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